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2014 ; 107
(1
): 76-87
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Anomalous surface diffusion of protons on lipid membranes
#MMPMID24988343
Wolf MG
; Grubmüller H
; Groenhof G
Biophys J
2014[Jul]; 107
(1
): 76-87
PMID24988343
show ga
The cellular energy machinery depends on the presence and properties of protons
at or in the vicinity of lipid membranes. To asses the energetics and mobility of
a proton near a membrane, we simulated an excess proton near a solvated DMPC
bilayer at 323 K, using a recently developed method to include the Grotthuss
proton shuttling mechanism in classical molecular dynamics simulations. We
obtained a proton surface affinity of -13.0 ± 0.5 kJ mol(-1). The proton
interacted strongly with both lipid headgroup and linker carbonyl oxygens.
Furthermore, the surface diffusion of the proton was anomalous, with a
subdiffusive regime over the first few nanoseconds, followed by a superdiffusive
regime. The time- and distance dependence of the proton surface diffusion
coefficient within these regimes may also resolve discrepancies between
previously reported diffusion coefficients. Our simulations show that the proton
anomalous surface diffusion originates from restricted diffusion in two different
surface-bound states, interrupted by the occasional bulk-mediated long-range
surface diffusion. Although only a DMPC membrane was considered in this work, we
speculate that the restrictive character of the on-surface diffusion is highly
sensitive to the specific membrane conditions, which can alter the relative
contributions of the surface and bulk pathways to the overall diffusion process.
Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings for the energy machinery.