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2016 ; 11
(4
): 432-41
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Animal models to achieve an HIV cure
#MMPMID27152962
Kumar N
; Chahroudi A
; Silvestri G
Curr Opin HIV AIDS
2016[Jul]; 11
(4
): 432-41
PMID27152962
show ga
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The introduction of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has
transformed HIV infection from a deadly to a chronic infection. Despite its
successes in reducing mortality, ART fails to cure HIV allowing HIV to persist in
vivo. HIV persistence under ART is thought to be mediated by a combination of
latent infection of long-lived cells, homeostatic proliferation of latently
infected cells, anatomic sanctuaries, and low-level virus replication. To
understand the contribution of specific cell types and anatomic sites to virus
persistence in vivo animal models are necessary. RECENT FINDINGS: The
advancements in ART and our understanding of animal models have facilitated the
development of models of HIV persistence in nonhuman primates and mice. Simian
immunodeficiency virus (SIV) or simian/HIV infection (SHIV) of rhesus and pigtail
macaques followed by effective ART represents the most faithful animal model of
HIV persistence. HIV infection of humanized mice also provides a useful model for
answering specific questions regarding virus persistence in a uniquely mutable
system. SUMMARY: In this review, we describe the most recent findings using
animal models of HIV persistence. We will first describe the important aspects of
HIV infection that SIV/SHIV infection of nonhuman primates are able to
recapitulate, then we will discuss some recent studies that have used these
models to understand viral persistence.
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