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10.1111/bph.12851 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1111/bph.12851 C4294048!4294048!25048682     free     free     free Warning: imagejpeg(C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\phplern\25048682.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117       Br+J+Pharmacol 2014 ; 171 (23): 5407-16 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=25048682|t=2014. Analgesic tolerance to morphine is regulated by PPAR? |pdf=|usr=}}{{25048682}} gab.com Text Analgesic tolerance to morphine is regulated by PPAR JO: Br J Pharmacol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=25048682 #FOAvip Background and Purpose: Opioid drugs are potent analgesics. However, their chronic use leads to the rapid development of tolerance to their analgesic effects and subsequent increase of significant side effects, including drug dependence and addiction. Here, we investigated the role of PPAR? in the development of analgesic tolerance to morphine in mice. Experimental Approach: We monitored analgesia on alternate days using the tail immersion test. Key Results: Daily administration of morphine (30?mg·kg?1, bid) resulted in the rapid development of tolerance to thermal analgesia. Co-administration of pioglitazone (10 and 30?mg·kg?1, bid) significantly attenuated the development and expression of tolerance. However, pretreatment with GW-9662 (5?mg·kg?1, bid), a selective PPAR? antagonist, completely abolished this effect. Injection of GW-9662 and a lower dose of morphine (15?mg·kg?1, bid) accelerated the development of tolerance to its antinociceptive effect. Subsequently, we found that conditional neuronal PPAR? knockout (KO) mice develop a more rapid and pronounced tolerance to morphine antinociception compared with wild-type (WT) controls. Moreover, in PPAR? KO mice, pioglitazone was no longer able to prevent the development of morphine tolerance. Conclusions and Implications: Overall, our results demonstrate that PPAR? plays a tonic role in the modulation of morphine tolerance, and its pharmacological activation may help to reduce its development. These findings provide new information about the role of neuronal PPAR? and suggest that combining PPAR? agonists with opioid analgesics may reduce the development of tolerance and possibly attenuate the potential for opioid abuse. Twit Text FOAVip Analgesic tolerance to morphine is regulated by PPAR ????Br J Pharmacol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=25048682 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=25048682 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|25048682}}</ref> Analgesic tolerance to morphine is regulated by PPAR? #MMPMID25048682 de Guglielmo G; Kallupi M; Scuppa G; Stopponi S; Demopulos G; Gaitanaris G; Ciccocioppo R Br J Pharmacol 2014[Dec]; 171 (23): 5407-16 PMID25048682show ga Background and Purpose: Opioid drugs are potent analgesics. However, their chronic use leads to the rapid development of tolerance to their analgesic effects and subsequent increase of significant side effects, including drug dependence and addiction. Here, we investigated the role of PPAR? in the development of analgesic tolerance to morphine in mice. Experimental Approach: We monitored analgesia on alternate days using the tail immersion test. Key Results: Daily administration of morphine (30?mg·kg?1, bid) resulted in the rapid development of tolerance to thermal analgesia. Co-administration of pioglitazone (10 and 30?mg·kg?1, bid) significantly attenuated the development and expression of tolerance. However, pretreatment with GW-9662 (5?mg·kg?1, bid), a selective PPAR? antagonist, completely abolished this effect. Injection of GW-9662 and a lower dose of morphine (15?mg·kg?1, bid) accelerated the development of tolerance to its antinociceptive effect. Subsequently, we found that conditional neuronal PPAR? knockout (KO) mice develop a more rapid and pronounced tolerance to morphine antinociception compared with wild-type (WT) controls. Moreover, in PPAR? KO mice, pioglitazone was no longer able to prevent the development of morphine tolerance. Conclusions and Implications: Overall, our results demonstrate that PPAR? plays a tonic role in the modulation of morphine tolerance, and its pharmacological activation may help to reduce its development. These findings provide new information about the role of neuronal PPAR? and suggest that combining PPAR? agonists with opioid analgesics may reduce the development of tolerance and possibly attenuate the potential for opioid abuse. äAnalgesic tolerance to morphine is regulated by PPAR? (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing