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2015 ; 12
(2
): 174-84
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An overview of PCI in the very elderly
#MMPMID25870621
Shanmugam VB
; Harper R
; Meredith I
; Malaiapan Y
; Psaltis PJ
J Geriatr Cardiol
2015[Mar]; 12
(2
): 174-84
PMID25870621
show ga
Cardiovascular disease, and in particular ischemic heart disease (IHD), is a
major cause of morbidity and mortality in the very elderly (> 80 years)
worldwide. These patients represent a rapidly growing cohort presenting for
percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), now constituting more than one in five
patients treated with PCI in real-world practice. Furthermore, they often have
greater ischemic burden than their younger counterparts, suggesting that they
have greater scope of benefit from coronary revascularization therapy. Despite
this, the very elderly are frequently under-represented in clinical
revascularization trials and historically there has been a degree of physician
reluctance in referring them for PCI procedures, with perceptions of
disappointing outcomes, low success and high complication rates. Several issues
have contributed to this, including the tendency for older patients with IHD to
present late, with atypical symptoms or non-diagnostic ECGs, and reservations
regarding their procedural risk-to-benefit ratio, due to shorter life expectancy,
presence of comorbidities and increased bleeding risk from antiplatelet and
anticoagulation medications. However, advances in PCI technology and techniques
over the past decade have led to better outcomes and lower risk of complications
and the existing body of evidence now indicates that the very elderly actually
derive more relative benefit from PCI than younger populations. Importantly, this
applies to all PCI settings: elective, urgent and emergency. This review
discusses the role of PCI in the very elderly presenting with chronic stable IHD,
non ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome, and ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
It also addresses the clinical challenges met when considering PCI in this cohort
and the ongoing need for research and development to further improve outcomes in
these challenging patients.