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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 J+Psychother+Integr
2016 ; 26
(2
): 116-128
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An Integrative Theory of Psychotherapy: Research and Practice
#MMPMID27672302
Epstein S
; Epstein ML
J Psychother Integr
2016[Jun]; 26
(2
): 116-128
PMID27672302
show ga
A dual-process personality theory and supporting research are presented. The dual
processes comprise an experiential system and a rational system. The experiential
system is an adaptive, associative learning system that humans share with other
higher-order animals. The rational system is a uniquely human, primarily verbal,
reasoning system. It is assumed that when humans developed language they did not
abandon their previous ways of adapting, they simply added language to their
experiential system. The two systems are assumed to operate in parallel and are
bi-directionally interactive. The validity of these assumptions is supported by
extensive research. Of particular relevance for psychotherapy, the experiential
system, which is compatible with evolutionary theory, replaces the Freudian
maladaptive unconscious system that is indefensible from an evolutionary
perspective, as sub-human animals would then have only a single system that is
maladaptive. The aim of psychotherapy is to produce constructive changes in the
experiential system. Changes in the rational system are useful only to the extent
that they contribute to constructive changes in the experiential system.
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