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2015 ; 23
(3
): 223-9
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Alternatives to animal testing: A review
#MMPMID26106269
Doke SK
; Dhawale SC
Saudi Pharm J
2015[Jul]; 23
(3
): 223-9
PMID26106269
show ga
The number of animals used in research has increased with the advancement of
research and development in medical technology. Every year, millions of
experimental animals are used all over the world. The pain, distress and death
experienced by the animals during scientific experiments have been a debating
issue for a long time. Besides the major concern of ethics, there are few more
disadvantages of animal experimentation like requirement of skilled manpower,
time consuming protocols and high cost. Various alternatives to animal testing
were proposed to overcome the drawbacks associated with animal experiments and
avoid the unethical procedures. A strategy of 3 Rs (i.e. reduction, refinement
and replacement) is being applied for laboratory use of animals. Different
methods and alternative organisms are applied to implement this strategy. These
methods provide an alternative means for the drug and chemical testing, up to
some levels. A brief account of these alternatives and advantages associated is
discussed in this review with examples. An integrated application of these
approaches would give an insight into minimum use of animals in scientific
experiments.
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free
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