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Alternative excision repair pathways
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Yasui A
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol
2013[Jun]; 5
(6
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Alternative excision repair (AER) is a category of excision repair initiated by a
single nick, made by an endonuclease, near the site of DNA damage, and followed
by excision of the damaged DNA, repair synthesis, and ligation. The ultraviolet
(UV) damage endonuclease in fungi and bacteria introduces a nick immediately 5'
to various types of UV damage and initiates its excision repair that is
independent of nucleotide excision repair (NER). Endo IV-type
apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonucleases from Escherichia coli and yeast and
human Exo III-type AP endonuclease APEX1 introduce a nick directly and
immediately 5' to various types of oxidative base damage besides the AP site,
initiating excision repair. Another endonuclease, endonuclease V from bacteria to
humans, binds deaminated bases and cleaves the phosphodiester bond located 1
nucleotide 3' of the base, leading to excision repair. A single-strand break in
DNA is one of the most frequent types of DNA damage within cells and is repaired
efficiently. AER makes use of such repair capability of single-strand breaks,
removes DNA damage, and has an important role in complementing BER and NER.
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