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2017 ; 8
(ä): 515
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Alternative Anaphylactic Routes: The Potential Role of Macrophages
#MMPMID28533777
Escribese MM
; Rosace D
; Chivato T
; Fernández TD
; Corbí AL
; Barber D
Front Immunol
2017[]; 8
(ä): 515
PMID28533777
show ga
Anaphylaxis is an acute, life-threatening, multisystem syndrome resulting from
the sudden release of mediators from effector cells. There are two potential
pathways for anaphylaxis. The first one, IgE-dependent anaphylaxis, is induced by
antigen (Ag) cross-linking of Ag-specific IgE bound to the high-affinity IgE
receptor (Fc?RI) on mast cells and basophils. The second one, IgG-dependent
anaphylaxis is induced by Ag cross-linking of Ag-specific IgG bound to IgG
receptors (Fc?RI, Fc?RIIA, Fc?RIIB, Fc?RIIC, and Fc?RIIIA) on macrophages,
neutrophils, and basophils. Macrophages exhibit a huge functional plasticity and
are capable of exerting their scavenging, bactericidal, and regulatory functions
under a wide variety of tissue conditions. Herein, we will review their potential
role in the triggering and development of anaphylaxis. Thereby, macrophages,
among other immune cells, play a role in both anaphylactic pathways (1) by
responding to anaphylactic mediators secreted by mast cells after specific IgE
cross-linking or (2) by acting as effector cells in the anaphylactic response
mediated by IgG. In this review, we will go over the cellular and molecular
mechanisms that take place in the above-mentioned anaphylactic pathways and will
discuss the clinical implications in human allergic reactions.