Indian J Clin Biochem
2014[Jul]; 29
(3
): 269-78
PMID24966474
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Alkaline phosphatase (ALP; E.C.3.I.3.1.) is an ubiquitous membrane-bound
glycoprotein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters at basic pH
values. Alkaline phosphatase is divided into four isozymes depending upon the
site of tissue expression that are Intestinal ALP, Placental ALP, Germ cell ALP
and tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase or liver/bone/kidney (L/B/K) ALP. The
intestinal and placental ALP loci are located near the end of long arm of
chromosome 2 and L/B/K ALP is located near the end of the short arm of chromosome
1. Although ALPs are present in many mammalian tissues and have been studied for
the last several years still little is known about them. The bone isoenzyme may
be involved in mammalian bone calcification and the intestinal isoenzyme is
thought to play a role in the transport of phosphate into epithelial cells of the
intestine. In this review, we tried to provide an overview about the various
forms, structure and functions of alkaline phosphatase with special focus on
liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase.
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