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2015 ; 5
(3
): 2023-34
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Alcoholic Liver Disease: Role of Cytokines
#MMPMID26343741
Neuman MG
; Maor Y
; Nanau RM
; Melzer E
; Mell H
; Opris M
; Cohen L
; Malnick S
Biomolecules
2015[Aug]; 5
(3
): 2023-34
PMID26343741
show ga
The present review spans a broad spectrum of topics dealing with alcoholic liver
disease (ALD), including clinical and translational research. It focuses on the
role of the immune system and the signaling pathways of cytokines in the
pathogenesis of ALD. An additional factor that contributes to the pathogenesis of
ALD is lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which plays a central role in the induction of
steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver. LPS derived from the
intestinal microbiota enters the portal circulation, and is recognized by
macrophages (Kupffer cells) and hepatocytes. In individuals with ALD, excessive
levels of LPS in the liver affect immune, parenchymal, and non-immune cells,
which in turn release various inflammatory cytokines and recruit neutrophils and
other inflammatory cells. In this review, we elucidate the mechanisms by which
alcohol contributes to the activation of Kupffer cells and the inflammatory
cascade. The role of the stellate cells in fibrogenesis is also discussed.