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2014 ; 2
(1
): ä Nephropedia Template TP
J Cardiol Clin Res
2014[Jan]; 2
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): ä PMID26478905
show ga
Alcoholism is the third leading cause of preventable death in the United States.
Aside from promoting cardiomyopathies, chronic alcohol consumption is associated
with an increased risk of dementia, the development of liver or pancreas failure,
and cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx. Although a J-shaped curve for all
cause mortality has been identified for average alcohol consumption, irregular
heavy drinking also carries significantly greater risks for cardiovascular
disease. Alcohol induced cardiovascular disease has a complex multigenic
etiology. There is significant variation in the initial presentation of alcoholic
cardiomyopathy with diastolic dysfunction possibly being the first indication.
Ethanol exposure generates toxic metabolites, primarily acetaldehyde and ROS,
which activate several cell signaling systems to alter cell function across many
levels. Sudden cardiac death is a known occurrence of alcoholism that may be
linked to an arrhythmogenic effect of alcohol. Microscopic and molecular
examination of diseased hearts has demonstrated abnormal alterations to various
cellular components, including the mitochondria and myofibrils. These studies
have shown not only the direct impact on myocardial contractility but also
disrupted metabolism that determines the long-term survival of the myocardium.
Significant variations in the response to chronic alcohol consumption may be
related to unique genotypes that modify the metabolic response to ethanol. Future
studies to further characterize the role of different genotypes will help
indentify those genotypes are more susceptible to chronic alcohol consumption.