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2015 ; 6
(ä): 346
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Airway and Extracellular Matrix Mechanics in COPD
#MMPMID26696894
Bidan CM
; Veldsink AC
; Meurs H
; Gosens R
Front Physiol
2015[]; 6
(ä): 346
PMID26696894
show ga
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common lung
diseases worldwide, and is characterized by airflow obstruction that is not fully
reversible with treatment. Even though airflow obstruction is caused by airway
smooth muscle contraction, the extent of airway narrowing depends on a range of
other structural and functional determinants that impact on active and passive
tissue mechanics. Cells and extracellular matrix in the airway and parenchymal
compartments respond both passively and actively to the mechanical stimulation
induced by smooth muscle contraction. In this review, we summarize the factors
that regulate airway narrowing and provide insight into the relative
contributions of different constituents of the extracellular matrix and their
biomechanical impact on airway obstruction. We then review the changes in
extracellular matrix composition in the airway and parenchymal compartments at
different stages of COPD, and finally discuss how these changes impact airway
narrowing and the development of airway hyperresponsiveness. Finally, we position
these data in the context of therapeutic research focused on defective tissue
repair. As a conclusion, we propose that future works should primarily target
mild or early COPD, prior to the widespread structural changes in the alveolar
compartment that are more characteristic of severe COPD.