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2011 ; 8
(1
): 015011
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Adhesion dynamics and durotaxis in migrating cells
#MMPMID21301061
Harland B
; Walcott S
; Sun SX
Phys Biol
2011[Feb]; 8
(1
): 015011
PMID21301061
show ga
When tissue cells are plated on a flexible substrate, durotaxis, the directed
migration of cells toward mechanically stiff regions, has been observed.
Environmental mechanical signals are not only important in cell migration but
also seem to influence all aspects of cell differentiation and development,
including the metastatic process in cancer cells. Based on a theoretical model
suggesting that this mechanosensation has a mechanical basis, we introduce a
simple model of a cell by considering the contraction of F-actin bundles
containing myosin motors (stress fibers) mediated by the movement of adhesions.
We show that, when presented with a linear stiffness gradient, this simple model
exhibits durotaxis. Interestingly, since stress fibers do not form on soft
surfaces and since adhesion sliding occurs very slowly on hard surfaces, the
model predicts that the expected cell velocity reaches a maximum at an
intermediate stiffness. This prediction can be experimentally tested. We
therefore argue that stiffness-dependent cellular adaptations (mechanosensation)
and durotaxis are intimately related and may share a mechanical basis. We
therefore identify the essential physical ingredients, which combined with
additional biochemical mechanisms can explain durotaxis and mechanosensation in
cells.