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2015 ; 31
(3
): 166-72
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Acute Bacterial Cholangitis
#MMPMID26468310
Zimmer V
; Lammert F
Viszeralmedizin
2015[Jun]; 31
(3
): 166-72
PMID26468310
show ga
BACKGROUND: Acute bacterial cholangitis for the most part owing to common bile
duct stones is common in gastroenterology practice and represents a potentially
life-threatening condition often characterized by fever, abdominal pain, and
jaundice (Charcot's triad) as well as confusion and septic shock (Reynolds'
pentad). METHODS: This review is based on a systematic literature review in
PubMed with the search items 'cholangitis' 'choledocholithiasis' 'gallstone
disease' 'biliary infection', and 'biliary sepsis'. RESULTS: Although most
patients respond to empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment, timely
endoscopic biliary drainage depending on the severity of the disease is required
to eliminate the underlying obstruction. Specific recommendations have been
derived from the Tokyo guideline working group consensus 2006 and its update in
2013, albeit poorly evidence-based, providing a comprehensive overview of
diagnosis, classification, risk stratification, and treatment algorithms in acute
bacterial cholangitis. CONCLUSION: Prompt clinical recognition and accurate
diagnostic workup including adequate laboratory assessment and
(aetiology-oriented) imaging are critical steps in the management of cholangitis.
Treatment is directed at the two major interrelated pathophysiologic components,
i.e. bacterial infection (immediate antimicrobial therapy) and bile duct
obstruction (biliary drainage). As for the latter, transpapillary endoscopic
drainage by stent or nasobiliary drain and/or same-session bile duct clearance,
depending on individual disease severity, represent first-line treatment
approaches.