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2015 ; 522
(7556
): 335-9
Nephropedia Template TP
Ramirez S
; Liu X
; MacDonald CJ
; Moffa A
; Zhou J
; Redondo RL
; Tonegawa S
Nature
2015[Jun]; 522
(7556
): 335-9
PMID26085274
show ga
Stress is considered a potent environmental risk factor for many behavioural
abnormalities, including anxiety and mood disorders. Animal models can exhibit
limited but quantifiable behavioural impairments resulting from chronic stress,
including deficits in motivation, abnormal responses to behavioural challenges,
and anhedonia. The hippocampus is thought to negatively regulate the stress
response and to mediate various cognitive and mnemonic aspects of stress-induced
impairments, although the neuronal underpinnings sufficient to support
behavioural improvements are largely unknown. Here we acutely rescue
stress-induced depression-related behaviours in mice by optogenetically
reactivating dentate gyrus cells that were previously active during a positive
experience. A brain-wide histological investigation, coupled with pharmacological
and projection-specific optogenetic blockade experiments, identified
glutamatergic activity in the hippocampus-amygdala-nucleus-accumbens pathway as a
candidate circuit supporting the acute rescue. Finally, chronically reactivating
hippocampal cells associated with a positive memory resulted in the rescue of
stress-induced behavioural impairments and neurogenesis at time points beyond the
light stimulation. Together, our data suggest that activating positive memories
artificially is sufficient to suppress depression-like behaviours and point to
dentate gyrus engram cells as potential therapeutic nodes for intervening with
maladaptive behavioural states.