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2017 ; 7
(1
): 2487
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Absence Seizure Control by a Brain Computer Interface
#MMPMID28555070
Maksimenko VA
; van Heukelum S
; Makarov VV
; Kelderhuis J
; Lüttjohann A
; Koronovskii AA
; Hramov AE
; van Luijtelaar G
Sci Rep
2017[May]; 7
(1
): 2487
PMID28555070
show ga
The ultimate goal of epileptology is the complete abolishment of epileptic
seizures. This might be achieved by a system that predicts seizure onset combined
with a system that interferes with the process that leads to the onset of a
seizure. Seizure prediction remains, as of yet, unresolved in absence-epilepsy,
due to the sudden onset of seizures. We have developed a real-time absence
seizure prediction algorithm, evaluated it and implemented it in an on-line,
closed-loop brain stimulation system designed to prevent the
spike-wave-discharges (SWDs), typical for absence epilepsy, in a genetic rat
model. The algorithm corretly predicted 88% of the SWDs while the remaining were
quickly detected. A high number of false-positive detections occurred mainly
during light slow-wave-sleep. Inclusion of criteria to prevent false-positives
greatly reduced the false alarm rate but decreased the sensitivity of the
algoritm. Implementation of the latter version into a closed-loop
brain-stimulation-system resulted in a 72% decrease in seizure activity. In
contrast to long standing beliefs that SWDs are unpredictable, these results
demonstrate that they can be predicted and that the development of closed-loop
seizure prediction and prevention systems is a feasable step towards
interventions to attain control and freedom from epileptic seizures.
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