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2015 ; 25
(2
): 161-76
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Aberrant methylation patterns in cancer: a clinical view
#MMPMID26110029
Paska AV
; Hudler P
Biochem Med (Zagreb)
2015[]; 25
(2
): 161-76
PMID26110029
show ga
Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, DNA hydroxymethylation,
post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histone proteins affecting nucleosome
remodelling, and regulation by small and large non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) work in
concert with cis and trans acting elements to drive appropriate gene expression.
Advances in detection methods and development of dedicated platforms and
methylation arrays resulted in an explosion of information on aberrantly
methylated sequences linking deviations in epigenetic landscape with the
initiation and progression of complex diseases. Here, we consider how DNA
methylation changes in malignancies, such as breast, pancreatic, colorectal, and
gastric cancer could be exploited for the purpose of developing specific
diagnostic tools. DNA methylation changes can be applicable as biomarkers for
detection of malignant disease in easily accessible tissues. Methylation
signatures are already proving to be an important marker for determination of
drug sensitivity. Even more, promoter methylation patterns of some genes, such as
MGMT, SHOX2, and SEPT9, have already been translated into commercial clinical
assays aiding in patient assessment as adjunct diagnostic tools. In conclusion,
the changes in DNA methylation patterns in tumour cells are slowly gaining
entrance into routine diagnostic tests as promising biomarkers and as potential
therapeutic targets.