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.jpg): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 117 Curr+Alzheimer+Res
2010 ; 7
(3
): 241-50
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ADF/Cofilin-actin rods in neurodegenerative diseases
#MMPMID20088812
Bamburg JR
; Bernstein BW
; Davis RC
; Flynn KC
; Goldsbury C
; Jensen JR
; Maloney MT
; Marsden IT
; Minamide LS
; Pak CW
; Shaw AE
; Whiteman I
; Wiggan O
Curr Alzheimer Res
2010[May]; 7
(3
): 241-50
PMID20088812
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Dephosphorylation (activation) of cofilin, an actin binding protein, is
stimulated by initiators of neuronal dysfunction and degeneration including
oxidative stress, excitotoxic glutamate, ischemia, and soluble forms of
beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta). Hyperactive cofilin forms rod-shaped
cofilin-saturated actin filament bundles (rods). Other proteins are recruited to
rods but are not necessary for rod formation. Neuronal cytoplasmic rods
accumulate within neurites where they disrupt synaptic function and are a likely
cause of synaptic loss without neuronal loss, as occurs early in dementias.
Different rod-inducing stimuli target distinct neuronal populations within the
hippocampus. Rods form rapidly, often in tandem arrays, in response to stress.
They accumulate phosphorylated tau that immunostains for epitopes present in
"striated neuropil threads," characteristic of tau pathology in Alzheimer disease
(AD) brain. Thus, rods might aid in further tau modifications or assembly into
paired helical filaments, the major component of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs).
Rods can occlude neurites and block vesicle transport. Some rod-inducing
treatments cause an increase in secreted Abeta. Thus rods may mediate the loss of
synapses, production of excess Abeta, and formation of NFTs, all of the
pathological hallmarks of AD. Cofilin-actin rods also form within the nucleus of
heat-shocked neurons and are cleared from cells expressing wild type huntingtin
protein but not in cells expressing mutant or silenced huntingtin, suggesting a
role for nuclear rods in Huntington disease (HD). As an early event in the
neurodegenerative cascade, rod formation is an ideal target for therapeutic
intervention that might be useful in treatment of many different neurological
diseases.
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