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2008 ; 8
(ä): 1184-96
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A review of nontraditional biomanipulation
#MMPMID19082415
Zhang X
; Xie P
; Huang X
ScientificWorldJournal
2008[Dec]; 8
(ä): 1184-96
PMID19082415
show ga
The aim of this review is to identify problems, find general patterns, and
extract recommendations for successful management using nontraditional
biomanipulation to improve water quality. There are many obstacles that prevent
traditional biomanipulation from achieving expectations: expending largely to
remove planktivorous fish, reduction of external and internal phosphorus, and
macrophyte re-establishment. Grazing pressure from large zooplankton is decoupled
in hypereutrophic waters where cyanobacterial blooms flourish. The original idea
of biomanipulation (increased zooplankton grazing rate as a tool for controlling
nuisance algae) is not the only means of controlling nuisance algae via biotic
manipulations. Stocking phytoplanktivorous fish may be considered to be a
nontraditional method; however, it can be an effective management tool to control
nuisance algal blooms in tropical lakes that are highly productive and
unmanageable to reduce nutrient concentrations to low levels. Although small
enclosures increase spatial overlap between predators and prey, leading to
overestimates of the impact of predation, microcosm and whole-lake experiments
have revealed similar community responses to major factors that regulate lake
communities, such as nutrients and planktivorous fish. Both enclosure experiments
and large-scale observations revealed that the initial phytoplankton community
composition greatly impacted the success of biomanipulation. Long-term
observations in Lake Donghu and Lake Qiandaohu have documented that silver carp
(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (H. nobilis) (two filter-feeding
planktivorous species commonly used in management) can suppress Microcystis
blooms efficiently. The introduction of silver and bighead carp could be an
effective management technique in eutrophic systems that lack macrozooplankton.
We confirmed that nontraditional biomanipulation is only appropriate if the
primary aim is to reduce nuisance blooms of large algal species, which cannot be
controlled effectively by large herbivorous zooplankton. Alternatively, this type
of biomanipulation did not work efficiently in less eutrophic systems where
nanophytoplankton dominated.
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