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2016 ; 6
(ä): 26570
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A melanosomal two-pore sodium channel regulates pigmentation
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Sci Rep
2016[May]; 6
(ä): 26570
PMID27231233
show ga
Intracellular organelles mediate complex cellular functions that often require
ion transport across their membranes. Melanosomes are organelles responsible for
the synthesis of the major mammalian pigment melanin. Defects in melanin
synthesis result in pigmentation defects, visual deficits, and increased
susceptibility to skin and eye cancers. Although genes encoding putative
melanosomal ion transporters have been identified as key regulators of melanin
synthesis, melanosome ion transport and its contribution to pigmentation remain
poorly understood. Here we identify two-pore channel 2 (TPC2) as the first
reported melanosomal cation conductance by directly patch-clamping skin and eye
melanosomes. TPC2 has been implicated in human pigmentation and melanoma, but the
molecular mechanism mediating this function was entirely unknown. We demonstrate
that the vesicular signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate PI(3,5)P2
modulates TPC2 activity to control melanosomal membrane potential, pH, and
regulate pigmentation.