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2015 ; 23
(Pt B
): 205-210
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A brief history of clinical xenotransplantation
#MMPMID26118617
Cooper DKC
; Ekser B
; Tector AJ
Int J Surg
2015[Nov]; 23
(Pt B
): 205-210
PMID26118617
show ga
Between the 17th and 20th centuries, blood was transfused from various animal
species into patients with a variety of pathological conditions. Skin grafts were
carried out in the 19th century, with grafts from a variety of animals, with
frogs being the most popular. In the 1920s, Voronoff advocated the
transplantation of slices of chimpanzee testis into elderly men, believing that
the hormones produced by the testis would rejuvenate his patients. In 1963-4,
when human organs were not available and dialysis was not yet in use, Reemtsma
transplanted chimpanzee kidneys into 13 patients, one of whom returned to work
for almost 9 months before suddenly dying from what was believed to be an
electrolyte disturbance. The first heart transplant in a human ever performed was
by Hardy in 1964, using a chimpanzee heart, but the patient died within 2 h.
Starzl carried out the first chimpanzee-to-human liver transplantation in 1966;
in 1992 he obtained patient survival for 70 days following a baboon liver
transplant. The first clinical pig islet transplant was carried out by Groth in
1993. Today, genetically-modified pigs offer hope of a limitless supply of organs
and cells for those in need of a transplant.
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