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2017 ; 171
(1
): 242-255.e27
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A Unifying Theory of Branching Morphogenesis
#MMPMID28938116
Hannezo E
; Scheele CLGJ
; Moad M
; Drogo N
; Heer R
; Sampogna RV
; van Rheenen J
; Simons BD
Cell
2017[Sep]; 171
(1
): 242-255.e27
PMID28938116
show ga
The morphogenesis of branched organs remains a subject of abiding interest.
Although much is known about the underlying signaling pathways, it remains
unclear how macroscopic features of branched organs, including their size,
network topology, and spatial patterning, are encoded. Here, we show that, in
mouse mammary gland, kidney, and human prostate, these features can be explained
quantitatively within a single unifying framework of branching and annihilating
random walks. Based on quantitative analyses of large-scale organ reconstructions
and proliferation kinetics measurements, we propose that morphogenesis follows
from the proliferative activity of equipotent tips that stochastically branch and
randomly explore their environment but compete neutrally for space, becoming
proliferatively inactive when in proximity with neighboring ducts. These results
show that complex branched epithelial structures develop as a self-organized
process, reliant upon a strikingly simple but generic rule, without recourse to a
rigid and deterministic sequence of genetically programmed events.
|*Models, Biological
[MESH]
|*Morphogenesis
[MESH]
|Animals
[MESH]
|Female
[MESH]
|Humans
[MESH]
|Kidney/embryology/*growth & development
[MESH]
|Male
[MESH]
|Mammary Glands, Human/embryology/*growth & development
[MESH]