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2017 ; 10
(5
): 1102-1115
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A Synthetic Biology Approach to Engineering Living Photovoltaics
#MMPMID28694844
Schuergers N
; Werlang C
; Ajo-Franklin CM
; Boghossian AA
Energy Environ Sci
2017[May]; 10
(5
): 1102-1115
PMID28694844
show ga
The ability to electronically interface living cells with electron accepting
scaffolds is crucial for the development of next-generation biophotovoltaic
technologies. Although recent studies have focused on engineering synthetic
interfaces that can maximize electronic communication between the cell and
scaffold, the efficiency of such devices is limited by the low conductivity of
the cell membrane. This review provides a materials science perspective on
applying a complementary, synthetic biology approach to engineering
membrane-electrode interfaces. It focuses on the technical challenges behind the
introduction of foreign extracellular electron transfer pathways in bacterial
host cells and the past and future efforts to engineer photosynthetic organisms
with artificial electron-export capabilities for biophotovoltaic applications.
The article highlights advances in engineering protein-based, electron-exporting
conduits in a model host organism, E. coli, before reviewing state-of-the-art
biophotovoltaic technologies that use both unmodified and bioengineered
photosynthetic bacteria with improved electron transport capabilities. A
thermodynamic analysis is used to propose an energetically feasible pathway for
extracellular electron transport in engineered cyanobacteria and identify
metabolic bottlenecks amenable to protein engineering techniques. Based on this
analysis, an engineered photosynthetic organism expressing a foreign,
protein-based electron conduit yields a maximum theoretical solar conversion
efficiency of 6-10% without accounting for additional bioengineering
optimizations for light-harvesting.