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2018 ; 19
(1
): 219
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A Sequel to Sanger: amplicon sequencing that scales
#MMPMID29580219
Hebert PDN
; Braukmann TWA
; Prosser SWJ
; Ratnasingham S
; deWaard JR
; Ivanova NV
; Janzen DH
; Hallwachs W
; Naik S
; Sones JE
; Zakharov EV
BMC Genomics
2018[Mar]; 19
(1
): 219
PMID29580219
show ga
BACKGROUND: Although high-throughput sequencers (HTS) have largely displaced
their Sanger counterparts, the short read lengths and high error rates of most
platforms constrain their utility for amplicon sequencing. The present study
tests the capacity of single molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing implemented on
the SEQUEL platform to overcome these limitations, employing 658 bp amplicons of
the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene as a model system. RESULTS: By
examining templates from more than 5000 species and 20,000 specimens, the
performance of SMRT sequencing was tested with amplicons showing wide variation
in GC composition and varied sequence attributes. SMRT and Sanger sequences were
very similar, but SMRT sequencing provided more complete coverage, especially for
amplicons with homopolymer tracts. Because it can characterize amplicon pools
from 10,000 DNA extracts in a single run, the SEQUEL can reduce greatly reduce
sequencing costs in comparison to first (Sanger) and second generation platforms
(Illumina, Ion). CONCLUSIONS: SMRT analysis generates high-fidelity sequences
from amplicons with varying GC content and is resilient to homopolymer tracts.
Analytical costs are low, substantially less than those for first or second
generation sequencers. When implemented on the SEQUEL platform, SMRT analysis
enables massive amplicon characterization because each instrument can recover
sequences from more than 5 million DNA extracts a year.