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2016 ; 26
(6
): 733-42
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A Combinatorial Kin Discrimination System in Bacillus subtilis
#MMPMID26923784
Lyons NA
; Kraigher B
; Stefanic P
; Mandic-Mulec I
; Kolter R
Curr Biol
2016[Mar]; 26
(6
): 733-42
PMID26923784
show ga
Multicellularity inherently involves a number of cooperative behaviors that are
potentially susceptible to exploitation but can be protected by mechanisms such
as kin discrimination. Discrimination of kin from non-kin has been observed in
swarms of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, but the underlying molecular mechanism
has been unknown. We used genetic, transcriptomic, and bioinformatic analyses to
uncover kin recognition factors in this organism. Our results identified many
molecules involved in cell-surface modification and antimicrobial production and
response. These genes varied significantly in expression level and mutation
phenotype among B. subtilis strains, suggesting interstrain variation in the
exact kin discrimination mechanism used. Genome analyses revealed a substantial
diversity of antimicrobial genes present in unique combinations in different
strains, with many likely acquired by horizontal gene transfer. The dynamic
combinatorial effect derived from this plethora of kin discrimination genes
creates a tight relatedness cutoff for cooperation that has likely led to rapid
diversification within the species. Our data suggest that genes likely originally
selected for competitive purposes also generate preferential interactions among
kin, thus stabilizing multicellular lifestyles.
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