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lüll MyD genes in negative growth control Liebermann DA; Hoffman BOncogene 1998[Dec]; 17 (25): 3319-29Two interrelated cellular processes are invoked simultaneously upon induction of differentiation, the regulated progression of cells through successive stages of cell differentiation and growth inhibition which ultimately leads to growth arrest. In tissues with rapid cell turnover terminally differentiated cells undergo programmed cell death. Terminal differentiation, thus, represents one form of negative growth control. It was surmised that the molecular engine which drives the differentiation process forward requires induction of positive regulators of terminal cell differentiation, to be found among differentiation primary response genes, as well as suppression of negative regulators, which correspond to genes which control cellular growth. This line of thought has prompted the isolation of myeloid differentiation primary response (MyD) genes activated in the absence of de novo protein synthesis, upon IL-6 induced terminal differentiation of murine M1 myeloblastic leukemia cells, where the cells growth arrest and ultimately undergo programmed cell death. As delineated in this review many of the genes identified as MyD genes, including both known genes [IRF-1, (AP-1)Fos/Jun.EGR-1] and novel ones (MyD88, MyD116, MyD118), turned out to play a role in negative growth control, including growth suppression and apoptosis, in many cell types, of both hematopoietic and non hematopoietic origins.|*Drosophila Proteins[MESH]|*Immediate-Early Proteins[MESH]|*Neoplasm Proteins[MESH]|*Receptors, Cell Surface[MESH]|*Receptors, Immunologic[MESH]|Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Antigens, Differentiation/physiology[MESH]|Apoptosis[MESH]|Cell Cycle Proteins[MESH]|Cell Differentiation/genetics/physiology[MESH]|Cell Division/*genetics[MESH]|Cell Lineage[MESH]|DNA Damage[MESH]|DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology[MESH]|Early Growth Response Protein 1[MESH]|GADD45 Proteins[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Insect Proteins/metabolism[MESH]|Interferon Regulatory Factor-1[MESH]|Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins[MESH]|Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism[MESH]|Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88[MESH]|Phosphoproteins/physiology[MESH]|Protein Phosphatase 1[MESH]|Proteins/physiology[MESH]|Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/physiology[MESH]|Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/physiology[MESH]|Receptors, Interleukin-1/metabolism[MESH]|Signal Transduction/genetics[MESH]|Toll-Like Receptors[MESH]|Transcription Factor AP-1/physiology[MESH]|Transcription Factors/physiology[MESH] |