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Anti-apoptotic versus pro-apoptotic signal transduction: checkpoints and stop signs along the road to death Jarpe MB; Widmann C; Knall C; Schlesinger TK; Gibson S; Yujiri T; Fanger GR; Gelfand EW; Johnson GLOncogene 1998[Sep]; 17 (11 Reviews): 1475-82The activation of caspases is a final commitment step for apoptosis. It is now evident that signal transduction pathways involving specific protein kinases modulate the apoptotic response. Both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic pathways integrate environmental cues that control the decision to undergo apoptosis. Pro- and anti-apoptotic signal pathways regulate the activation of the caspases. In this review we describe our current understanding of apoptotic signal transduction.|*Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases[MESH]|*Signal Transduction[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Apoptosis/*physiology[MESH]|Caspases/metabolism[MESH]|Cytokines/metabolism[MESH]|Growth Substances/metabolism[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|MAP Kinase Kinase 3[MESH]|Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism[MESH]|Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism[MESH]|Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism[MESH]|Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics/metabolism[MESH] |
