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lüll The major pathways of protein translocation across membranes Ito KGenes Cells 1996[Apr]; 1 (4): 337-46The initial events in the localization of cell surface proteins include targeting of precursor molecules to the membrane and subsequent translocation across the membrane. The translocation reaction is mediated through a series of molecular interactions involving a number of protein factors. The trimeric SecY/Sec61 core complex, which is conserved throughout evolution, provides a proteinaceous pathway for translocation. The driving force for translocation is provided by the dynamic motion of the SecA ATPase in prokaryotes and by polypeptide elongation through the ribosome-Sec61 junction in eukaryotes.|*Protein Processing, Post-Translational[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Bacterial Proteins/metabolism[MESH]|Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism[MESH]|Escherichia coli/physiology[MESH]|Eukaryotic Cells/physiology[MESH]|Fungal Proteins/metabolism[MESH]|Membrane Proteins/*metabolism[MESH]|Prokaryotic Cells/physiology[MESH]|Protein Precursors/*metabolism[MESH]|Protein Sorting Signals/*metabolism[MESH]|Saccharomyces cerevisiae/physiology[MESH]|Signal Transduction[MESH] |