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Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM), a unique module linking antigen and Fc receptors to their signaling cascades Isakov NJ Leukoc Biol 1997[Jan]; 61 (1): 6-16Signal transduction by the T cell and B cell antigen receptors and by receptors for a variety of immunoglobulins' Fc region is strictly dependent on a receptor subunit cytoplasmic module termed immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). This module exists in one or more copies in each of the receptor-associated signal-transducing molecules and it possesses two repeats of the consensus sequence Tyr-X-X-Leu/Ile spaced by six to eight amino acids. Receptor engagement is followed by a rapid and transient phosphorylation of tyrosine residues within their ITAMs, thereby creating temporary binding sites for Src homology 2 (SH2)-containing signaling molecules operating downstream of the activated receptor. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent findings on the functional role of ITAMs in antigen and Fc receptor-mediated signal transduction, with a particular emphasis on kinases operating upstream and downstream of the ITAMs.|Phosphorylation[MESH]|Receptors, Amino Acid/immunology/*metabolism[MESH]|Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/chemistry/immunology/*physiology[MESH]|Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry/immunology/*physiology[MESH]|Receptors, Fc/chemistry/immunology/*physiology[MESH]|Signal Transduction/immunology/*physiology[MESH]|src-Family Kinases/immunology/*physiology[MESH] |
