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lüll Neuroradiologic findings in polyarteritis nodosa Provenzale JM; Allen NBAJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1996[Jun]; 17 (6): 1119-26PURPOSE: To demonstrate the neuroradiologic findings in patients with polyarteritis nodosa. METHODS: A review of hospital records for a 10-year period revealed 50 patients with a discharge diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa. Thirteen patients had undergone neuroimaging, and abnormal findings were found in 5 cases; these were the subjects of this study. RESULTS: All 5 patients had abnormal findings on CT scans, 3 had abnormal findings on MR images, and 1 had an abnormal finding on a cerebral angiogram. All patients had cerebral cortical or subcortical infarctions, and 1 also had small infarctions within the brain stem and cerebellum. One patient had cerebral angiographic findings of arteritis. The diagnosis of arteritis was considered probable or possible in 3 other patients. Three patients had echocardiographic evidence of concentric hypertrophy and a hypocontractile left ventricle resulting from polyarteritis nodosa-related hypertension. Cardiogenic embolism was considered the likely cause in 1 patient. CONCLUSION: Small peripheral cerebral infarctions, consistent with an arteritis involving medium-sized and small arteries, were the most common finding. However, cardiogenic embolism should also be considered as a possible cause of cerebral infarction in patients with polyarteritis nodosa who have left ventricular dysfunction.|*Cerebral Angiography[MESH]|*Magnetic Resonance Imaging[MESH]|*Tomography, X-Ray Computed[MESH]|Adult[MESH]|Brain/blood supply/pathology[MESH]|Cerebral Infarction/diagnosis[MESH]|Diagnosis, Differential[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis/diagnosis[MESH]|Male[MESH]|Middle Aged[MESH]|Polyarteritis Nodosa/*diagnosis[MESH]|Sensitivity and Specificity[MESH] |