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lüll Osmoregulation in the renal papilla: membranes, messengers and molecules Kinne RK; Boese SH; Kinne-Saffran E; Ruhfus B; Tinel H; Wehner FKidney Int 1996[Jun]; 49 (6): 1686-9This contribution summarizes recent progress in the understanding of the molecular basis of the release of organic osmolytes that occurs when inner medullary cells are confronted with a drop in osmolarity in their environment. For sorbitol release across the basolateral membrane an increase in intracellular calcium seems to be the prominent signal, initiated by G-protein activation, followed by phosphatidylcholine phospholipase activation and generation of arachidonic acid. The increase in betaine permeability is also G-protein dependent but calcium independent, and is restricted to the basal-lateral cell face. Myo-inositol and glycerophosphorylcholine efflux are calcium and G-protein independent and occur both across the apical and basolateral membrane, although to a different extent. Taurine release is also calcium and G-protein independent; a swelling-activated anion channel at the basolateral membrane represents the major efflux pathway.|Animals[MESH]|Cell Membrane/chemistry/physiology[MESH]|Kidney Medulla/chemistry/*physiology[MESH]|Second Messenger Systems/*physiology[MESH]|Water-Electrolyte Balance/*physiology[MESH] |