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English Wikipedia
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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of the brain Atwood WJ; Berger JR; Kaderman R; Tornatore CS; Major EOClin Microbiol Rev 1993[Oct]; 6 (4): 339-66Direct infection of the central nervous system by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of AIDS, was not appreciated in the early years of the AIDS epidemic. Neurological complications associated with AIDS were largely attributed to opportunistic infections that arose as a result of the immunocompromised state of the patient and to depression. In 1985, several groups succeeded in isolating HIV-1 directly from brain tissue. Also that year, the viral genome was completely sequenced, and HIV-1 was found to belong to a neurotropic subfamily of retrovirus known as the Lentivirinae. These findings clearly indicated that direct HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system played a role in the development of AIDS-related neurological disease. This review summarizes the clinical manifestations of HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system and the related neuropathology, the tropism of HIV-1 for specific cell types both within and outside of the nervous system, the possible mechanisms by which HIV-1 damages the nervous system, and the current strategies for diagnosis and treatment of HIV-1-associated neuropathology.|*HIV-1/genetics/pathogenicity[MESH]|AIDS Dementia Complex/diagnosis/drug therapy/*pathology[MESH]|AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections[MESH]|Adult[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Brain/diagnostic imaging/*microbiology/pathology[MESH]|Cerebrospinal Fluid/microbiology[MESH]|Child[MESH]|Cytokines/immunology[MESH]|HIV Infections/complications/diagnosis/drug therapy/*pathology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Infant[MESH]|Male[MESH]|Meningitis, Viral/pathology[MESH]|Meningoencephalitis/pathology[MESH]|Radiography[MESH]|Rats[MESH]|Zidovudine/therapeutic use[MESH] |
