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lüll Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR): structure, mechanisms of activation and diverse functions Motojima KCell Struct Funct 1993[Oct]; 18 (5): 267-77The structurally diverse xenobiotic peroxisome proliferators (PPs) increase the number of peroxisomes per cell and the levels of several enzymes, and cause hepatomegaly, often leading to hepatocarcinogenesis in a species- and tissue-specific manner. The deadlocked problems of the molecular mechanism of PP action and its physiological meanings have begun to be understood through cDNA cloning of a PP-activated receptor (PPAR). PPAR, a member of the steroid/thyroid/vitamin superfamily of nuclear receptors, has isoforms and differentially heterodimerizes with other nuclear receptors, providing potential mechanisms not only for species- and tissue-specific actions but also for diverse actions of PPs. Recent findings related to PPAR are summarized, and its possible role in lipid metabolism and involvement in PP-induced hepatocarcinogenesis are discussed.|Amino Acid Sequence[MESH]|Base Sequence[MESH]|Microbodies/*metabolism[MESH]|Molecular Sequence Data[MESH]|Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*physiology[MESH]|Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*physiology[MESH] |