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  lüll Psychosurgery Black DWSouth Med J  1982[Apr]; 75 (4): 453-7Psychosurgery emerged in the late 1930s as a powerful therapeutic tool with great  promise for psychiatry. Because of initial favorable case reports and studies,  some influential support, and the need to aid thousands of returning World War II  veterans with mental disabilities, the prefrontal lobotomy was widely  implemented. It soon fell into disrepute through unfavorable reports of  personality changes and neurologic sequelae, equivocal large-scale reports, and  the introduction of major ataractic drugs and other treatment modalities.  Psychosurgery has persisted in the form of restricted cerebral lesions, most  stereotactically placed for relatively few mental illnesses. Evidence suggests  that contemporary procedures are associated with minimal side effects and greater  efficacy, but more extensive, better controlled studies are necessary.|Combat Disorders/surgery[MESH]|Electrodes[MESH]|Frontal Lobe/surgery[MESH]|History, 20th Century[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Mental Disorders/surgery/therapy[MESH]|Psychosurgery/*adverse effects/history/methods[MESH]|Ultrasonic Therapy[MESH] |