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lüll Transplantation of the heart and both lungs I Historical review Cooper DKThorax 1969[Jul]; 24 (4): 383-90Transplantation of the heart and both lungs is being considered as a clinical possibility in several surgical centres today. This paper reviews the experimental development of surgical techniques in this field. In the 1940s Demikhov in the U.S.S.R. succeeded in developing a technique by which he could carry out cardiopulmonary transplantation without the use of any artificial means of recipient support during the procedure. He obtained survivors for up to six days; late deaths occurred mainly from pulmonary complications. The techniques and results of subsequent workers using hypothermia or pump-oxygenator support are reviewed. Recent work has focused on the problem of the return of spontaneous respiration following denervation of the lungs which, of necessity, occurs during this procedure.|*Heart Transplantation[MESH]|*Lung Transplantation[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Arrhythmias, Cardiac/complications[MESH]|Brain/blood supply[MESH]|Cats[MESH]|Dogs[MESH]|Haplorhini[MESH]|History, 20th Century[MESH]|Hypothermia, Induced[MESH]|Lung/innervation/physiology[MESH]|Postoperative Complications[MESH]|Respiration[MESH]|Trachea/transplantation[MESH]|Transplantation, Autologous[MESH]|Transplantation, Homologous[MESH]|Transplantation/*history[MESH]|Vena Cava, Inferior/transplantation[MESH]|Vena Cava, Superior/transplantation[MESH] |