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Autocrine ligands of the epithelial growth factor receptor mediate inflammatory responses to diesel exhaust particles Parnia S; Hamilton LM; Puddicombe SM; Holgate ST; Frew AJ; Davies DERespir Res 2014[Feb]; 15 (1): 22BACKGROUND: Diesel exhaust is associated with cardiovascular and respiratory mortality and morbidity. Acute exposure leads to increased IL-8 expression and airway neutrophilia, however the mechanism of this response is unknown. OBJECTIVES: As cigarette smoke-induced IL-8 expression by epithelial cells involves transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), we studied the effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on IL-8 release and the role of the EGFR. METHODS: Primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) were exposed to DEPs or carbon black. IL-8 and EGFR ligand expression (transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha), heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, and amphiregulin (AR)) were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA. RESULTS: DEP, but not carbon black, caused a dose-dependent increase in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and IL-8 expression, however above 50 mug/ml there was an increase in cytotoxicity. At 50 mug/ml, DEPs stimulated transcription and release of IL-8 and EGFR ligands. IL-8 release was blocked by EGFR neutralizing antibodies, an EGFR-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor and by the metalloprotease inhibitor, GM6001, which blocks EGFR ligand shedding. Neutralizing antibodies to AR, TGFalpha and heparin-binding (HB)-EGF reduced DEP-induced IL-8 by >50%. Conclusion Expression of IL-8 in response to DEPs is dependent on EGFR activation and that autocrine production of EGFR ligands makes a substantial contribution to this response. CAPSULE SUMMARY: This study identifies a mechanism whereby diesel particles stimulates IL-8 release from bronchial epithelial cells. This mechanism may help to explain the recruitment of neutrophils into the airways of people exposed to particulate air pollution.|Adult[MESH]|Autocrine Communication/drug effects/*physiology[MESH]|Cell Survival/drug effects/physiology[MESH]|Cells, Cultured[MESH]|ErbB Receptors/*biosynthesis[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Inflammation Mediators/*metabolism[MESH]|Interleukin-8/*biosynthesis[MESH]|Ligands[MESH]|Male[MESH]|Middle Aged[MESH]|Respiratory Mucosa/drug effects/*metabolism[MESH]|Vehicle Emissions/*toxicity[MESH]|Young Adult[MESH] |
