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Effect of marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha: a meta-analysis Li K; Huang T; Zheng J; Wu K; Li DPLoS One 2014[]; 9 (2): e88103BACKGROUND: Previous studies did not draw a consistent conclusion about the effects of marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on fasting blood level of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). METHODS AND FINDINGS: A comprehensive search of Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and Medline (from 1950 to 2013) and bibliographies of relevant articles was undertaken. Sixty-eight RCTs with a total of 4601 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. Marine-derived n-3 PUFAs supplementation showed a lowering effect on Marine-derived n-3 PUFAs supplementation had a significant lowering effect on TNF-alpha, IL-6 and CRP in three groups of subjects (subjects with chronic non-autoimmune disease, subjects with chronic autoimmune disease and healthy subjects). A significant negative linear relationship between duration and effect size of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs supplementation on fasting blood levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in subjects with chronic non-autoimmune disease was observed, indicating that longer duration of supplementation could lead to a greater lowering effect. A similar linear relationship was also observed for IL-6 levels in healthy subjects. Restricted cubic spline analysis and subgroup analysis showed that the lowering effect of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs on CRP, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in subjects with chronic non-autoimmune disease became weakened when body mass index was greater than 30 kg/m(2). The effect of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs from dietary intake was only assessed in subjects with chronic non-autoimmune disease, and a significant lowering effect was observed on IL-6, but not on CRP and TNF-alpha. CONCLUSIONS: Marine-derived n-3 PUFAs supplementation had a significant lowering effect on CRP, IL-6 and TNF-alpha level. The lowering effect was most effective in non-obese subjects and consecutive long-term supplementation was recommended.|*Dietary Supplements/analysis[MESH]|Adult[MESH]|Aged[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Autoimmune Diseases/blood/immunology[MESH]|C-Reactive Protein/*analysis/immunology[MESH]|Chronic Disease[MESH]|Eating[MESH]|Fatty Acids, Omega-3/administration & dosage/*pharmacology[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Fish Products[MESH]|Fishes[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Interleukin-6/*blood/*immunology[MESH]|Male[MESH]|Middle Aged[MESH]|Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*blood/immunology[MESH]|Young Adult[MESH] |
