Warning: Undefined variable $zfal in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Deprecated: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 530
 free
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 531
 free
 free
 
English Wikipedia
Nephropedia Template TP (
Twit Text
DeepDyve
Pubget Overpricing |  
lüll
Management of spastic disorders of the esophagus Roman S; Kahrilas PJGastroenterol Clin North Am 2013[Mar]; 42 (1): 27-43The concept of esophageal spastic disorders encompasses spastic achalasia, distal esophageal spasm, and jackhammer esophagus. These are conceptually distinct in that spastic achalasia and distal esophageal spasm are characterized by a loss of neural inhibition, whereas jackhammer esophagus is associated with hypercontractility. Hypercontractility may also occur as a result of esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction or inflammation. The diagnosis of jackhammer esophagus as a primary motility disorder is based on the characteristic manometric findings after ruling out mechanical obstruction and eosinophilic esophagitis. Despite the differences in pathophysiology among the esophageal spastic disorders, their management is similar.|Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use[MESH]|Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use[MESH]|Dilatation/methods[MESH]|Esophageal Achalasia/*diagnosis/therapy[MESH]|Esophageal Motility Disorders/diagnosis/therapy[MESH]|Esophageal Spasm, Diffuse/*diagnosis/therapy[MESH]|Esophageal Sphincter, Lower/surgery[MESH]|Esophagoscopy[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Manometry[MESH]|Nitrates/therapeutic use[MESH]|Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors/therapeutic use[MESH] |
