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lüll Shear-dependent adhesion of leukocytes and lectins to the endothelium and concurrent changes in thickness of the glycocalyx of post-capillary venules in the low-flow state Lipowsky HH; Lescanic AMicrocirculation 2013[Feb]; 20 (2): 149-57OBJECTIVE: To elucidate shear-dependent effects of deformation of the endothelial glycocalyx on adhesion of circulating ligands in post-capillary venules, and delineate effect of MMPs. METHODS: Adhesion of WBCs and lectin-coated FLMs (0.1 mum diameter) to EC of post-capillary venules in mesentery was examined during acute reductions in shear rates (gamma., hemorrhagic hypotension). Adhesion was examined with or without superfusion with 0.5 mum doxycycline to inhibit MMPs. Thickness of the glycocalyx was measured by exclusion of fluorescent 70 kDa dextran from the EC surface. RESULTS: During superfusion with Ringers, rapid reductions in gamma. resulted in a significant rise in WBC adhesion and a twofold rise in microsphere adhesion. With addition of doxycycline WBC and FLM adhesion increased twofold under high- and low-flow conditions. FLM adhesion was invariant with gamma. throughout the network in the normal (high)-flow state. With reductions in gamma., thickness of the glycocalyx increased significantly, with or without doxycycline. CONCLUSIONS: The concurrent increase in WBC and FLM adhesion with increased thickness of the glycocalyx during reductions in shear suggests that glycocalyx core proteins recoil from their deformed steady-state configuration, which increases exposure of binding sites for circulating ligands.|Animals[MESH]|Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology[MESH]|Cell Adhesion/drug effects/*physiology[MESH]|Doxycycline/pharmacology[MESH]|Elasticity[MESH]|Endothelium, Vascular/cytology/*metabolism[MESH]|Glycocalyx/drug effects/*metabolism[MESH]|Hypotension/metabolism/physiopathology[MESH]|Isotonic Solutions/pharmacology[MESH]|Lectins/*metabolism[MESH]|Leukocytes/cytology/*metabolism[MESH]|Ligands[MESH]|Male[MESH]|Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism[MESH]|Mesenteric Veins/cytology/metabolism[MESH]|Microspheres[MESH]|Rats[MESH]|Rats, Wistar[MESH]|Regional Blood Flow/drug effects/physiology[MESH]|Ringer's Solution[MESH]|Splanchnic Circulation/drug effects/physiology[MESH]|Stress, Mechanical[MESH]|Venules/cytology/*metabolism[MESH] |