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lüll Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT) family members in helminth infections Becerra-Diaz M; Valderrama-Carvajal H; Terrazas LIInt J Biol Sci 2011[]; 7 (9): 1371-81Helminth parasites are a diverse group of multicellular organisms. Despite their heterogeneity, helminths share many common characteristics, such as the modulation of the immune system of their hosts towards a permissive state that favors their development. They induce strong Th2-like responses with high levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 cytokines, and decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IFN-gamma. IL-4, IFN-gamma and other cytokines bind with their specific cytokine receptors to trigger an immediate signaling pathway in which different tyrosine kinases (e.g. Janus kinases) are involved. Furthermore, a seven-member family of transcription factors named Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT) that initiate the transcriptional activation of different genes are also involved and regulate downstream the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. However, how helminths avoid and modulate immune responses remains unclear; moreover, information concerning STAT-mediated immune regulation during helminth infections is scarce. Here, we review the research on mice deficient in STAT molecules, highlighting the importance of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in regulating susceptibility and/or resistance in these infections.|Animals[MESH]|Cytokines/metabolism[MESH]|Filariasis/metabolism[MESH]|Helminthiasis/metabolism[MESH]|Helminths/metabolism/pathogenicity[MESH]|Receptors, Cytokine/metabolism[MESH]|STAT Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism[MESH]|Schistosomiasis/metabolism[MESH]|Signal Transduction/genetics/*physiology[MESH]|Taenia/pathogenicity[MESH] |