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lüll MicroRNAs in rhabdomyosarcoma: pathogenetic implications and translational potentiality Rota R; Ciarapica R; Giordano A; Miele L; Locatelli FMol Cancer 2011[Sep]; 10 (ä): 120There is growing evidence that interconnections among molecular pathways governing tissue differentiation are nodal points for malignant transformation. In this scenario, microRNAs appear as crucial players. This class of non-coding small regulatory RNA molecules controls developmental programs by modulating gene expression through post-transcriptional silencing of target mRNAs. During myogenesis, muscle-specific and ubiquitously-expressed microRNAs tightly control muscle tissue differentiation. In recent years, microRNAs have emerged as prominent players in cancer as well. Rhabdomyosarcoma is a pediatric skeletal muscle-derived soft-tissue sarcoma that originates from myogenic precursors arrested at different stages of differentiation and that continue to proliferate indefinitely. MicroRNAs involved in muscle cell fate determination appear down-regulated in rhabdomyosarcoma primary tumors and cell lines compared to their normal counterparts. More importantly, they behave as tumor suppressors in this malignancy, as their re-expression is sufficient to restore the differentiation capability of tumor cells and to prevent tumor growth in vivo. In addition, up-regulation of pro-oncogenic microRNAs has also been recently detected in rhabdomyosarcoma.In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge on microRNAs de-regulation in rhabdomyosarcoma. Additionally, we examine the potential of microRNAs as prognostic and diagnostic markers in this soft-tissue sarcoma, and discuss possible therapeutic applications and challenges of a "microRNA therapy".|Animals[MESH]|Base Sequence[MESH]|Cell Differentiation/genetics[MESH]|Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|MicroRNAs/genetics/*metabolism/therapeutic use[MESH]|Muscle Development/genetics[MESH]|Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology[MESH]|Polycomb-Group Proteins[MESH]|Repressor Proteins/genetics/metabolism[MESH]|Rhabdomyosarcoma/genetics/*metabolism/therapy[MESH] |