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Delayed lead perforation: a rare cause of pacemaker dysfunction dos Santos LF; Costa F; Correia E; Rodrigues B; Moreira D; Correia H; Nunes L; Pipa J; Costa A; de Carvalho L; Cabral C; Ribeiro N; de Olival R; Santos ORev Port Cardiol 2011[Jun]; 30 (6): 599-609A 65-year-old woman with a dual-chamber pacemaker implanted in 2006 for symptomatic carotid sinus hypersensitivity was incidentally found to have loss of ventricular capture on routine pacemaker interrogation. A chest X-ray raised the suspicion of perforation and migration of the right ventricular lead, confirmed by three-dimensional echocardiogram and CT scan. On the basis of this case, we review myocardial lead perforation, including predisposing factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic approach and therapeutic options.|*Equipment Failure[MESH]|*Pacemaker, Artificial[MESH]|Aged[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Foreign-Body Migration/*diagnosis/*etiology[MESH]|Heart Injuries/*diagnosis/*etiology[MESH]|Humans[MESH] |
