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lüll Potential pathways to restore beta-cell mass: pluripotent stem cells, reprogramming, and endogenous regeneration Baiu D; Merriam F; Odorico JCurr Diab Rep 2011[Oct]; 11 (5): 392-401Currently available beta-cell replacement therapies for patients with diabetes, including islet and pancreas transplantation, are largely successful in restoring normal glucose metabolism, but the scarcity of organ donors restricts their more widespread use. To solve this supply problem, several different strategies for achieving beta-cell mass restoration are being pursued. These include the generation of beta cells from stem cells and their subsequent transplantation, or regeneration-type approaches, such as stimulating endogenous regenerative mechanisms or inducing reprogramming of non-beta cells into beta cells. Because these strategies would ultimately generate allogeneic or syngeneic beta cells in humans, the control of alloimmunity and/or autoimmunity in addition to replacing lost beta cells will be of utmost importance. We briefly review the recent literature on these three promising strategies toward beta-cell replacement or restoration and point out the major issues impacting their translation to treating human diabetes.|Animals[MESH]|Cell Proliferation[MESH]|Cellular Reprogramming/physiology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Insulin-Secreting Cells/*cytology/*metabolism[MESH]|Pancreas/cytology/metabolism[MESH]|Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism[MESH] |