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Structural aspects of translation termination on the ribosome Korostelev AARNA 2011[Aug]; 17 (8): 1409-21Translation of genetic information encoded in messenger RNAs into polypeptide sequences is carried out by ribosomes in all organisms. When a full protein is synthesized, a stop codon positioned in the ribosomal A site signals termination of translation and protein release. Translation termination depends on class I release factors. Recently, atomic-resolution crystal structures were determined for bacterial 70S ribosome termination complexes bound with release factors RF1 or RF2. In combination with recent biochemical studies, the structures resolve long-standing questions about translation termination. They bring insights into the mechanisms of recognition of all three stop codons, peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis, and coordination of stop-codon recognition with peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis. In this review, the structural aspects of these mechanisms are discussed.|*Protein Biosynthesis[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Codon, Terminator/metabolism[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Hydrolysis[MESH]|Peptide Termination Factors/chemistry/metabolism[MESH]|RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/chemistry/metabolism[MESH]|Ribosomes/chemistry/*metabolism[MESH] |