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lüll Small RNAs in early mammalian development: from gametes to gastrulation Suh N; Blelloch RDevelopment 2011[May]; 138 (9): 1653-61Small non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous small interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs) and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), play essential roles in mammalian development. The function and timing of expression of these three classes of small RNAs differ greatly. piRNAs are expressed and play a crucial role during male gametogenesis, whereas endo-siRNAs are essential for oocyte meiosis. By contrast, miRNAs are ubiquitously expressed in somatic tissues and function throughout post-implantation development. Surprisingly, however, miRNAs are non-essential during pre-implantation embryonic development and their function is suppressed during oocyte meiosis. Here, we review the roles of small non-coding RNAs during the early stages of mammalian development, from gamete maturation through to gastrulation.|Animals[MESH]|Embryo, Mammalian[MESH]|Embryonic Development/*genetics/physiology[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Gastrulation/*genetics/physiology[MESH]|Germ Cells/metabolism/*physiology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Male[MESH]|Mammals/*embryology/genetics[MESH]|Models, Biological[MESH]|RNA, Small Untranslated/classification/genetics/metabolism/*physiology[MESH]|Spermatogenesis/genetics/physiology[MESH] |