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lüll Sequential methods for random-effects meta-analysis Higgins JP; Whitehead A; Simmonds MStat Med 2011[Apr]; 30 (9): 903-21Although meta-analyses are typically viewed as retrospective activities, they are increasingly being applied prospectively to provide up-to-date evidence on specific research questions. When meta-analyses are updated account should be taken of the possibility of false-positive findings due to repeated significance tests. We discuss the use of sequential methods for meta-analyses that incorporate random effects to allow for heterogeneity across studies. We propose a method that uses an approximate semi-Bayes procedure to update evidence on the among-study variance, starting with an informative prior distribution that might be based on findings from previous meta-analyses. We compare our methods with other approaches, including the traditional method of cumulative meta-analysis, in a simulation study and observe that it has Type I and Type II error rates close to the nominal level. We illustrate the method using an example in the treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers.|*Bayes Theorem[MESH]|*Data Interpretation, Statistical[MESH]|*Meta-Analysis as Topic[MESH]|Computer Simulation[MESH]|Hemostasis, Endoscopic[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage/therapy[MESH]|Prospective Studies[MESH] |