Warning: Undefined variable $zfal in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Deprecated: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 530
 free
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 531
 free
 free
Warning: file_get_contents(http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=21422497&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 445
 
English Wikipedia
Nephropedia Template TP (
Twit Text
DeepDyve
Pubget Overpricing |  
lüll
Roles of the Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathways in controlling growth and sensitivity to therapy-implications for cancer and aging Steelman LS; Chappell WH; Abrams SL; Kempf RC; Long J; Laidler P; Mijatovic S; Maksimovic-Ivanic D; Stivala F; Mazzarino MC; Donia M; Fagone P; Malaponte G; Nicoletti F; Libra M; Milella M; Tafuri A; Bonati A; Basecke J; Cocco L; Evangelisti C; Martelli AM; Montalto G; Cervello M; McCubrey JAAging (Albany NY) 2011[Mar]; 3 (3): 192-222Dysregulated signaling through the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathways is often the result of genetic alterations in critical components in these pathways or upstream activators. Unrestricted cellular proliferation and decreased sensitivity to apoptotic-inducing agents are typically associated with activation of these pro-survival pathways. This review discusses the functions these pathways have in normal and neoplastic tissue growth and how they contribute to resistance to apoptotic stimuli. Crosstalk and commonly identified mutations that occur within these pathways that contribute to abnormal activation and cancer growth will also be addressed. Finally the recently described roles of these pathways in cancer stem cells, cellular senescence and aging will be evaluated. Controlling the expression of these pathways could ameliorate human health.|Aging/drug effects/genetics/*metabolism[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Apoptosis[MESH]|Cell Proliferation[MESH]|Cellular Senescence[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|MAP Kinase Signaling System[MESH]|Male[MESH]|Mice[MESH]|Models, Biological[MESH]|Mutation[MESH]|Neoplasms/genetics/*metabolism/therapy[MESH]|PTEN Phosphohydrolase[MESH]|Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism[MESH]|Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism[MESH]|Signal Transduction/drug effects/genetics/*physiology[MESH]|TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism[MESH]|raf Kinases/metabolism[MESH] |
