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lüll Novel insights on imaging sex-hormone-dependent tumourigenesis in vivo Ramachandran B; Stell A; Maravigna L; Maggi A; Ciana PEndocr Relat Cancer 2011[Jun]; 18 (3): R41-51Sex hormones modulate proliferation, apoptosis, migration, metastasis and angiogenesis in cancer cells influencing tumourigenesis from the early hyperplastic growth till the end-stage metastasis. Although decades of studies have detailed these effects at the level of molecular pathways, where and when these actions are needed for the growth and progression of hormone-dependent neoplasia is poorly elucidated. Investigation of the hormone influences in carcinogenesis in the spatio-temporal dimension is expected to unravel critical steps in tumour progression and in the onset of resistance to hormone therapies. Non-invasive in vivo imaging represents a powerful tool to follow in time hormone signalling in the whole body during tumour development. This review summarizes the tools currently available to follow hormone action in living organisms.|Animals[MESH]|Apoptosis[MESH]|Cell Transformation, Neoplastic[MESH]|Disease Progression[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology[MESH]|Genes, Reporter[MESH]|Gonadal Steroid Hormones/adverse effects/biosynthesis/*physiology/toxicity[MESH]|Luminescent Proteins/analysis/genetics[MESH]|Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced/genetics/metabolism/pathology[MESH]|Mice[MESH]|Mice, Transgenic[MESH]|Neoplasms, Experimental/blood supply/metabolism/*physiopathology[MESH]|Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/blood supply/metabolism/*physiopathology[MESH]|Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology[MESH]|Receptors, Androgen/genetics/physiology[MESH]|Receptors, Estrogen/genetics/physiology[MESH]|Receptors, Progesterone/genetics/physiology[MESH]|Recombinant Fusion Proteins/analysis/genetics[MESH]|Signal Transduction[MESH] |