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lüll Chromatin higher-order structures and gene regulation Li G; Reinberg DCurr Opin Genet Dev 2011[Apr]; 21 (2): 175-86Genomic DNA in the eukaryotic nucleus is hierarchically packaged by histones into chromatin to fit inside the nucleus. The dynamics of higher-order chromatin compaction play a crucial role in transcription and other biological processes inherent to DNA. Many factors, including histone variants, histone modifications, DNA methylation, and the binding of non-histone architectural proteins regulate the structure of chromatin. Although the structure of nucleosomes, the fundamental repeating unit of chromatin, is clear, there is still much discussion on the higher-order levels of chromatin structure. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in elucidating the structure of the 30-nm chromatin fiber. We also discuss the structural plasticity/dynamics and epigenetic inheritance of higher-order chromatin and the roles of chromatin higher-order organization in eukaryotic gene regulation.|*Epigenesis, Genetic[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Chromatin/*chemistry/*genetics/ultrastructure[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Nucleosomes/chemistry/genetics[MESH]|Transcription, Genetic[MESH] |