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lüll The molecular and cellular identity of peripheral osmoreceptors Lechner SG; Markworth S; Poole K; Smith ES; Lapatsina L; Frahm S; May M; Pischke S; Suzuki M; Ibanez-Tallon I; Luft FC; Jordan J; Lewin GRNeuron 2011[Jan]; 69 (2): 332-44In mammals, the osmolality of the extracellular fluid (ECF) is highly stable despite radical changes in salt/water intake and excretion. Afferent systems are required to detect hypo- or hyperosmotic shifts in the ECF to trigger homeostatic control of osmolality. In humans, a pressor reflex is triggered by simply drinking water which may be mediated by peripheral osmoreceptors. Here, we identified afferent neurons in the thoracic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of mice that innervate hepatic blood vessels and detect physiological hypo-osmotic shifts in blood osmolality. Hepatic sensory neurons are equipped with an inward current that faithfully transduces graded changes in osmolality within the physiological range (~15 mOsm). In mice lacking the osmotically activated ion channel, TRPV4, hepatic sensory neurons no longer exhibit osmosensitive inward currents and activation of peripheral osmoreceptors in vivo is abolished. We have thus identified a new population of sensory neurons that transduce ongoing changes in hepatic osmolality.|Animals[MESH]|Calcium/metabolism[MESH]|Cells, Cultured[MESH]|Chemoreceptor Cells/cytology/*physiology[MESH]|Drinking[MESH]|Extracellular Fluid/*chemistry[MESH]|Ganglia, Spinal/cytology[MESH]|Homeostasis[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Liver/blood supply/chemistry[MESH]|Mice[MESH]|Mice, Inbred C57BL[MESH]|Mice, Knockout[MESH]|Neurons, Afferent/cytology/*physiology[MESH]|Osmolar Concentration[MESH]|Patch-Clamp Techniques[MESH]|Phorbols/metabolism[MESH]|TRPV Cation Channels/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism[MESH]|Water-Electrolyte Balance/physiology[MESH] |